Ethyl silicate is a clear liquid derived by reacting silicone tetrachloride with ethanol. In the coating industry, it is useful as a binder in zinc-rich primers, one of the important layers in many protective coating systems. The partially hydrolyzed solution of ethyl silicate is one of the two components in the system, with the second being zinc dust. Upon application, it is completely hydrolyzed with atmospheric moisture and cures to a silica matrix with zinc particles embedded. During this curing process, silanol groups (-SiOH) also react
with the metal substrate to form a covalent bond, which ensures exceptional adhesion of the zinc-rich primer to the metal.