Joint Definition and Configuration
In adhesive bonding process, material, termed as substrate, is joined by placing and solidifying an adhesive between the adherend surfaces to produce an adhesive joint. It is also possible to join similar as well as dissimilar materials by adhesively bonded joint. Proper surface preparation must be taken care of the substrates prior to bonding for better durability of the joint [6].
In case of bonded composite joints, the non-uniform stress distribution along the bonding surface should always be accounted for. The peak stress is mainly dependent on the bonding pattern of the joint, adhesive thickness, bonded length, joint geometry, adherend stiffness imbalance, ductile adhesive response, and the composite adherends.
A wide variety of adhesively bonded joint configurations are available to the designer based on the application and scope of use [7]. Commonly, joint configurations that have been analyzed in the literature are single-lap joints, double-lap joints, scarf joints, and step joints (Figure 1).
Single Lap
Double Lap
Butt strap |
Figure 1. Various joint configurations for adhesively bonded joints. |
The strength of a given type of joint depends, for a given type of load, on the stress distribution within the joint, which in turn depends on the joint geometry and the mechanical properties of adhesive and adherend. Moreover, the strain field in the vicinity of the joint depends on the joint configurations, thus making it possible, in some cases, to find a correlation between modifications of the strain field and the integrity of the adhesive joint.