Bismuth vanadate or orthovanadate, BiVO4, occurs naturally as tetragonal dreyer — ite in Hirschhorn, Germany, as monoclinic clinobisvanite in Yinnietharra, Western Australia, and as orthorhombic pucherite in Schneeberg, Germany. However, these deposits are of no practical importance to the pigment industry.
Bismuth vanadate was first reported in a medical patent in 1924 and synthesized as a solid substance in 1964. In 1976, Du Pont described the preparation and properties of “brilliant primrose yellow” monoclinic BiVO4. Montedison developed numerous pigment combinations based on BiVO4. Pigments containing other phases besides BiVO4, for example Bi2XO6 (X = Mo or W) have been reported by BASF. In addition, Bayer and Ciba have published methods for the manufacture of pigments based on BiVO4. Today there are several manufacturers, producing ca. 900 tonnes annually. The two leading producers are BASF AG and Ciba.
Bismuth vanadate pigments are high-quality yellow pigments. They lie in the higher price range for inorganic pigments because the raw materials are relatively expensive.