23 августа, 2015 
Pokraskin Nitration means the introduction of the nitro group, —N02, into a molecule. It is accomplished: (I) with dilute or concentrated nitric acid; (2) with mixed acid, i. e., a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid, sometimes containing some water; (3) by first sulfonating the compound and then nitrating the sulfonic acid, thereby splitting out the sulfo group and replacing it by the nitro group (picric acid, see page 150);
(4) by oxidizing with dilute nitric acid a previously formed nitroso compound (tropaeoline, see page 275); and (5) by treatment of a diazonium compound with hot, dilute nitric acid, introducing simultaneously a hydroxyl group and a nitro group (e. g., nitrocresol from p-toluidine).
On nitration to produce a dinitro compound, the two nitro groups enter into positions meta to each other, but the reaction product is never uncontaminated (see, e. g., m-dinitrobenzene, page 111).
Опубликовано в рубрике 