Лако-красочные материалы — производство

Among the important oxygenated solvents that are not covered above are furan solvents and organic carbonates. Furan solvents of commercial interest include furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. They are characterized by strong solvency for some synthetic polymers. Tetrahydrofuran has an eva­poration rate between that of acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. Orga­nic carbonate solvents include […]

Glycol ethers (Figure 4.5) are ether alcohols, having both ether and alcohol functionality, that feature high polarity and a marked tendency to form hydrogen bonds. They are excellent solvents for a broad range of polar and semi-polar binders. Commercially impor­ Figure 4.4: Examples of ester solvents OH 1 — Methoxy-2-propanol Figure 4.5: Examples of glycol […]

Esters (Figure 4.4) are also an important type of active solvent used in the coating industry. Esters are similar to ketones in terms of their polarity and hydrogen bonding capability, but they are less polar than corresponding alcohols and their solvency is slightly weaker than ketones of similar volatility. Esters often have a characteristic fruity […]

Ketones (Figure 4.3), compounds having a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms or alkyl groups in the molecule, are highly polar solvents with outstanding solvency. They have the ability to form strong hydrogen bonds with polar resins containing active hydrogen atoms. Acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diiso­butyl ketone, cyclohexanone and isophorone are […]

Because of their hydroxyl groups, alcohols (Figure 4.2) differ from hydrocarbons by having a higher polarity and a stronger tendency for hydrogen bonding. The mass ratio between the non-polar hydro­carbon chain and the hydroxyl group governs the solvency of alcohols. Lower alcohols are good solvents for polar resins such as shellac, amino resins and phenolic […]

Oxygenated solvents are a very important group of solvents for the coating industry due to their strong solvency and wide range of availability. Unlike hydrocarbon solvents, oxygenated solvents are synthetically produced and hence are generally more expensive than hydrocarbons. Most oxygenated solvents are pure, single-com­ponent chemical products; therefore, they have very narrow boiling ranges relative […]

Compared to aliphatic solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons (Figure 4.1) have higher solvency for almost all types of resins. Aromatic hydrocarbons are also used as diluents for coatings based on nitro­cellulose, cellulose esters, and ethers in combination with active solvents, such as esters and ketones. Aromatic solvents that are com­monly used in the coating industry are toluene, […]

Terpene solvents are of plant origin, obtained from pine trees and to some extent as a by-product of the citrus industry. The important solvents in this group are turpentine, dipentene, and pine oil, which are mixtures of C10 unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds. They are the oldest type of solvents used in the coating industry. Terpene sol­vents […]

Aliphatic hydrocarbons, also termed naphtha, gasoline, or paraffin hydrocarbons, are chemically very stable saturated organic mole­cules that are generally mixtures of straight chain (normal paraf­fin) and branched chain (isoparaffin) hydrocarbons, with a minute quantity of cycloparaffins. Very weak solvency, low odor, low speci­fic gravity and low cost are some of the unique characteristics of ali­phatic […]

The majority of hydrocarbon solvents are derived from fractional distillation of petroleum oil, with a few exceptions that are sourced from vegetable origin. Hydrocarbon solvents tend to be mixtures of organic compounds rather than pure chemicals, and they may vary in composition depending on source of the crude oil. Proper­ties of hydrocarbon solvents are governed […]