Лако-красочные материалы — производство

Acetylene and mixtures of acetylene with light hydrocarbons are the raw materials for a process that has been used since the beginning of the 20th century. Unlike other hydrocarbons, the decomposition of acetylene is highly exothermic. The discontinuous explosion process is the oldest technical process for acetylene black. It was mainly used for the production […]

This method of producing carbon black is a non-continuous or cyclic process, with natural gas as the most commonly used feedstock, although higher-grade hydrocar­bon oils are used. A thermal black plant delivers maximum efficiency when operating in a tandem mode. It consists of two reactors operating alternately in cycles lasting between 5 and 8 min, […]

The lamp black process (Figure 4.7) is the oldest commercially used carbon black production process [4.8, 4.15]. However, besides the general principle, today’s lamp black production units have very little in common with the ancient carbon black ovens. Smoking chimneys and settlement chambers have been replaced by highly sophisticated filtering systems. The lamp black apparatus […]

The channel black process, used in the United States since the late 19th century, is the oldest process for producing small-particle-size carbon blacks on an industrial scale. In 1961, the production of channel black was about 120,000 t. The last pro­duction plant in the United States was closed in 1976, due to low profitability and […]

The furnace black process was developed in the United States in the 1920s, and since then, it has been greatly refined. It is a continuous process, carried out in closed reactors, so that all reactants can be carefully controlled [4.8]. Today most semi-reinforcing rubber blacks (carcass or soft blacks) with specific surface areas of 20-60 […]

A summary of the most important production processes is given in Table 4.2. Tab. 4.2: Production methods for carbon black pigments. Chemical process Manufacturing methods Main raw materials Thermal-oxidative decomposition Furnace black process Degussa gas black process Lamp black process Aromatic oils on coal tar basis or mineral oil, natural gas Coal tar distillates Aromatic […]

The preferred feedstocks for most carbon black production processes, especially the furnace process, are heavy oils, which are composed mainly of aromatic hydrocar­bons. The aromatic form of carbon gives the highest carbon to hydrogen ratio, thus maximizing the available carbon, and is the most efficient one in terms of carbon black yields. In theory, the […]

The electrical conductivity of carbon blacks is inferior to that of graphite, and is dependent on the type ofproduction process, as well as on the specific surface area and structure. Since the limiting factor in electrical conductivity is generally the transition resistance between neighbouring particles, compression or concentration of pure or dispersed carbon black plays […]

Density measurements using the helium displacement method yield values between 1.8 and 2.1 g cm-3 for different types of carbon black. A mean density value of 1.86 g cm-3 is commonly used for the calculation of electron microscopic surface areas. Graphitization raises the density to 2.18 g cm-3. The lower density with respect to graphite […]

Due to their large specific surface areas, carbon blacks have a remarkable adsorp­tion capacity for water, solvents, binders, and polymers, depending on their surface chemistry. Adsorption capacity increases with increasing specific surface area and porosity. Chemical and physical adsorption not only determine wettability and dis­persibility to a great extent, but are also most important factors […]