Лако-красочные материалы — производство

Combinations of cobalt(II) oxide and aluminum oxide in the spinel stoichiometry give cobalt aluminate blue spinels, CoAl2O4, C. I. Pigment Blue 28. Variations of this pigment include modification by zinc (C. I. Pigment Blue 72), magnesium, titanium, and lithium oxides. If lithium and titanium modifiers are added, a tur­quoise blue pigment is obtained. Cobalt aluminate […]

CICPs that contain aluminum oxide, Al2O3, or alumina as a colorless base oxide are called aluminates. These almost always employ cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, as one of the coloring oxides. All of these pigments adopt the spinel crystal structure, and all have color hues in the blue to teal range. 5.6

The only other commercially important grade of titanate pigment, besides those listed above, is barium nickel titanium yellow priderite. The name priderite, just as with spinel and rutile above, refers to the crystal structure of this compound. These pigments provide a lighter, greener shade of yellow than is typically com­mon for nickel titanate yellows. With […]

Titanate spinels form a much smaller class of pigments than the rutiles. The M3O4 stoichiometry of spinel is met by reacting two units of +2 metal oxide with one unit of TiO2, according to Eq. (5-1). 2MO + TiO2 ^ M2TiO4 spinel (5-1) M = Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) Titanates are inverse spinels, where a […]

Rutile titanates represent by far the largest commercial class of CICPs. Chro­mium antimony titanate yellows (C. I. Pigment Brown 24) are the most widely used, followed by nickel antimony titanate yellows (C. I. Pigment Yellow 53). Man­ganese antimony titanate browns (C. I. Pigment Yellow 164) occupy a much small­er market share, and the other rutile […]

Titanate-based pigments contain titanium dioxide as a base component. The dif­ferent types are listed in Table 5.2 [4]. Pigments using TiO2 as a modifier are not included here. The important crystalline types are rutiles and spinels, with few other structures having commercial relevance. Titanates comprise the largest vol­ume of CICPs in use today, and of […]

CICPs are made by calcination (strong heating in air) of blends of metal oxides and/or oxide precursors such as metal salts, hydrates, and carbonates. Calcination temperatures typically range from 650 to 1300 °C. At relatively low temperatures, all the raw ingredients decompose to form the metal oxides. At higher tempera­tures, this oxide mix becomes reactive. […]

CICPs are metal oxides, which can have a number of possible structures. The big­gest determining factor in the structure is the oxygen/metal (O/M) ratio (Table 5.1). As long as the metal ions are of a comparable size, it is the O/M ratio that largely determines what the structure will be. Two crystal structures dominate the […]

James White 5.1 Introduction An important family of high performance pigments is termed complex inorganic color pigments, or CICPs. Chemically, these pigments are synthetic crystalline metal oxides that have structures identical to those of naturally occurring miner­als. They are called complex because they contain two or more different metals [1]. Complexity provides a range of […]

In the production process, inadvertent reaction with moisture, acids, and heat may result in the release of small amounts of hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, an exhaust air system is recommended for handling cerium sulfide pigments. The exhaust air might also require scrubbing for hydrogen sulfide removal, and state, local and national regulations should be carefully consulted.