Лако-красочные материалы — производство

The simplest and most direct method to reduce photooxidation is to block the UV radiation from reaching the polymer, much as a sunscreen is used to prevent sunburn. Fillers (carbon black, pigment, talc, TiO2, etc.) can potentially provide an improvement in UV stability by this mechanism, but may cause other complications (e. g., additive adsorption […]

The general autooxidation scheme for hydrocarbons shown in Fig. 1 represents the core reaction for hydrocarbon degradation [5]. As adhesives are mixtures of polymers and oligomers, this scheme can be used to understand the oxidative degradation of adhesives. Several aspects of the scheme are worth emphasizing before we examine the effect of UV light on […]

Douglas Horsey CIBA-GEIGY Corporation, Ardsley, New York, U. S.A. I. INTRODUCTION Antioxidants (including hindered phenols, phosphites, and thioethers) are commonly used in hot-melt adhesive (HMA) and sealant formulations [1-4]. Relatively high levels of antioxidants are used (typically, 0.5 to 1.0%) in some adhesives (e. g., hot melts) to protect the polymers from oxidation when they […]

This chapter summarizes the principles of some of the many spectroscopic techniques that are available for the analysis or study of aspects of adhesive bonding science and technol­ogy. As indicated in Table 1, there are dozens of techniques and new acronyms appear almost on a daily basis. The number of instrumental spectroscopies available today to […]

This technique has rarely been used in adhesive bonding studies, but is well suited to determine the environmental degradation of adhesively bonded systems. Currently it is frequently used to study the degradation processes of painted metals immersed in an electrolyte, such as 5% Nacl [94]. Essentially the technique measures the total impedance of a sheet […]

This is a widely used optical technique for measuring film thicknesses. The technique uses polarized light at oblique incidence and yields information on the optical constants of materials and the thickness of overlayers. The signal is generated by interference of the components of the primary beam, which are reflected at phase boundaries between the substrate […]

The ion/electron and vibrational spectroscopies are the most widely used techniques in adhesive bonding technology. However, several lesser known spectroscopies are worth mentioning here briefly also, because they can provide unique information on metal — polymer interfaces in certain cases. A more complete list with suitable references is given in Table 1. The techniques that […]

Several recent overviews of principles and applications of Raman, FTIR, and HREELS spectroscopies are available in the literature [35-37, 124]. The use of all major surface and interface vibrational spectroscopies in adhesion studies has recently been reviewed [38]. Infrared spectroscopy is undoubtedly the most widely applied spectroscopic technique of all methods described in this chapter […]

The major spectroscopic techniques for use in adhesive bonding technology that are based on vibrational principles are several forms of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the more recent technique HREELS, the vibrational version of EELS used in electron microscopes. These techniques will be discussed in this chapter and some recent develop­ments and applications of the […]

In this section some selected examples of XPS, AES, and SIMS are discussed, which may illustrate the capabilities of these techniques for adhesives-related applications. In the example shown in Fig. 7, a thin film of plasma-polymerized trimethylsilane had been deposited on cold-rolled steel as a pretreatment for improved adhesion and corrosion [30]. The film thickness […]