Лако-красочные материалы — производство

Nitration means the introduction of the nitro group, —N02, into a molecule. It is accomplished: (I) with dilute or concentrated nitric acid; (2) with mixed acid, i. e., a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid, sometimes containing some water; (3) by first sulfonating the compound and then nitrating the sulfonic acid, thereby splitting out the […]

By sulfonation is meant the introduction of an —S03H group into a molecule. The operation results in a product which is usually very soluble in water, either in the form of the free sulfonic acid, as is often the case, or in the form of its salts. Of the salts, the inexpensive sodium salt is […]

In this section some of the most important operations are described in general terms, intentionally avoiding specific comments about indi­vidual compounds. All the variations cannot be mentioned because this would lead to too great detail.

General Discussion The term intermediates refers to those compounds which are pre­pared from the original coal tar constituents by various chemical pro­cedures and which, in turn, can be converted into commercial dyes by relatively simple further transformations. A typical example is aniline, which is prepared from benzene in various ways, and which can be con­verted […]

The modem dye industry is built upon the coal tar industry as its source of material, and upon the Kekule benzene theory as its scientific basis. Without these foundations, the dye industry could not have been developed. The last thirty years have seen a very large increase in the number of raw materials for the […]

This fifth edition of Grundlegende Operationen der Farbenchemie constitutes an expansion of the fourth edition. Since the appearance of the first edition in 1920, so many new processes of dye chemistry have been discovered that it appeared necessary to rework or enlarge various sections. In particular, the preparation of several important intermedi­ates has been resurveyed. […]