Лако-красочные материалы — производство

Metallic, pearlescent and fluorescent pigments are grouped together in this section as three types of pigment used for their ability to produce unusual optical effects. Metallic Pigments By far the most important metallic pigment is aluminium flake, C. I. Pigment Metal 1. The use of aluminium pigments to provide the commonly-observed metallic effect in car […]

Copper phthalocyanines, although generally regarded as classical or­ganic pigments, exhibit outstanding technical performance and so could equally well be described as high-performance organic pigments. This section contains a brief survey of a range of the organic pigments, encompassing a wide variety of structural types, which have been devel­oped in an attempt to match the properties […]

Copper phthalocyanines provide by far the most important of all blue and green pigments. The chemistry of the phthalocyanines has been discussed in some depth in Chapter 5, so only a brief account is presented here. Copper phthalocyanine, 212 (C. I. Pigment Blue 15), is arguably the single most important organic pigment. Copper phthalocyanine finds […]

Azo pigments, both numerically and in terms of tonnage produced, dominate the yellow, orange and red shade areas in the range of commer­cial organic pigments (Chapter 3). The chemical structures of some important classical azo pigments are shown in Figure 9.1. The structures are illustrated in the ketohydrazone form since structural studies carried out on […]

The synthetic organic pigment industry developed towards the end of the l9th century out of the established synthetic textile dye industry. Many of the earliest organic pigments were prepared from water-soluble dyes rendered insoluble by precipitation onto colourless inorganic substrates such as alumina and barium sulfate. These products were referred to as ‘lakes’. A further […]

Carbon blacks (C. I. Pigment Black 6 and 7) dominate the market for black pigments, providing an outstanding range of properties at low cost and finding wide use in all the usual pigment applications. One of the most important applications for carbon black pigments is in rubber where, as well as providing the colour, they […]

Prussian blue (C. I. Pigment Blue 27), known also as iron blue or Milori blue, is the longest established of all synthetic colorants still in use and retains moderate importance as a low cost blue pigment. On the basis of single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, it has been concluded that Prus­sian blue is best represented […]

Of this small group of pigments, ultramarine blue (C. I. Pigment Blue 29) is the best known and by far the most important, although violet and pink pigments are also produced. Ultramarine blue offers excellent fastness to light and heat at moderate cost. Although capable of providing brilliant reddish-blue colours in application, ultramarine blue suffers […]

Cadmium sulfides and sulfoselenides provide a range of moderately intense colours ranging from yellow through orange and red to maroon. They are of particular importance in the coloration of thermoplastics, especially in engineering polymers which are processed at high tempera­tures, because of their outstanding heat stability. Cadmium sulfide, CdS (C. I. Pigment Yellow 37) is […]

By far the most important coloured inorganic pigments are the iron oxides, which provide colours range from yellow and red to brown and black. They are used extensively in paints, plastics and in building ma­terials such as cement and concrete. Both natural and synthetic iron oxide pigments are used commercially. Oxides of iron are major […]