Aqueous emulsions of polymeric compounds, e. g., homopolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate copolymers with ethylene or maleic esters; polyacrylic esters, styrene copolymers. Uses: paper, wood, also bonding to plastics.
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Emulsions of Water-Insoluble Substances in Water that Escapes during Bonding
Application of Solutions, Solvent Evaporates during Bonding
Solutions of polymeric, natural, and/or synthetic substances in organic solvents, e. g., vinyl polymers, natural rubber, synthetic rubbers of low polarity. Uses: paper, plastics, silicate-containing materials, wood. Solutions of natural and synthetic high molecular mass substances in water, e. g., starch, dextrins, casein, cellulose ethers, water-soluble derivatives of poly(acrylic acid), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (adhesive […]
Application of Solutions, Solvent Escapes before Bonding. Adhesive layer is heated before or during bonding
Heat-Sealing Adhesives and High-Frequency Welding Auxiliaries, e. g., vinyl polymers. Uses: paper, plastics, lamination of plastic films to metal foils (packaging, metal-foil lamination). Contact Cements: elastomers (e. g., polychlorobutadiene) in conjunction with adhesive resins (e. g., alkylphenol or modified phenolic resins); bonding is obtained by contact under pressure between two almost dry adhesive layers. Uses: […]
Classification of Adhesives
Adhesives can be classified on the basis of chemical composition [29], setting mechanism [30], and adhesion mechanism as pressure-sensitive, adhesion, and diffusion adhesives [31]. Lucre [32] proposed a flexible classification in which each adhesive is characterized and classified according to various characteristic features, such as chemical basis, form of application, application temperature, thermal behavior, and […]
Raw Materials for Adhesives
The adhesives industry uses many different products of natural and synthetic origin. These are mainly raw materials that are produced in large quantities and hence at reasonable prices. Raw materials that are used solely or primarily for adhesives are relatively rare or, alternatively, represent special types within fairly broad production programs. Basic raw materials are […]
Definitions
Some of the terms are defined in DIN 16920 [24] and EN 923 [132]. Adherent: a body that is or is intended to be bonded to another body. Adhesion: state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial bonds. Adhesive application: the application and distribution of an adhesive over the surface to be joined. […]
Adhesion Theories
The atoms or molecules in any solid are held together by so-called cohesion forces. These interatomic and intermolecular forces are conservative in character, i. e., not dependent upon the pretreatment of the material [4, p. 1]. After a break in the solid, the two fragments cannot be put back together in such a way as […]
Introduction
Adhesives are defined as nonmetallic substances capable of joining materials by surface bonding (adhesion), the bond itself possessing adequate internal strength (cohesion). Adhesive is a generic term and covers other common terms, such as glue, paste, gums, adhesive cement, and bonding agent. History. Adhesion is among the oldest technologies of mankind [129]. As early as […]
I. Adhesives
Werner Haller, Henkel KGaA, Diisseldorf. Federal Republic of Germany (Chaps. 1.1 -1.3, Sections 1.9.7 and 1.9.10) Hermann Onusseit, Haan, Federal Republic of Germany (Chap. 1.4, Sections 1.9.1,1.9.2,1.9.3,1.9.4) Gerhard Gif. renz, Solingen. Federal Republic of Germany (Chap. 1.5) Werner Gruber, Korschenbroich, Federal Republic of Germany (Chap. 1.6, Section 1.9.9) Richard D. Rich, Loctite Corporation, Rocky Hill, […]
Adhesives and Adhesive Tapes
The impressive developments in numerous fields of technology — anything we can imagine from bookbinding, food packaging, electronic devices, automobile manufacture to building and aircraft constructions — all engeneering progress in these and other areas is enabled and accelerated by innovations in adhesive technology. Although adhesive applications mostly are not readily evident in daily life […]