Лако-красочные материалы — производство

The majority of the adhesive used in the construction industry is concerned with fastening decorative finishing materials to the insides of buildings. For instance, the attachment of ceramic tiles and mosaics to floors and walls, wooden and flexible floor coverings, ceiling tiles, thermal insulation materials, wall veneers, covings, nosings, and so on, accounts for the usage of large amounts of a variety of adhesive materials. A small proportion of adhesive is used in external situations, or for applications in which the structural demands of the adhesive are somewhat greater. Some examples include:

(1) flexible and other roof coverings

(2) resinous grouts for anchoring bolts, ties, service conduits, etc.

(3) joining and attaching internal building panels and elements

(4) structural sandwich panels and cladding panels

(5) fabrication of anodized aluminium window frames

(6) consolidating or joining timber members (e. g. glued laminated timber — ‘glulam’) (Fig. 1.2)

(7) steel/wood (‘wirewood’) assemblies for floor beams and roof trusses

(8) structural silicone glazing of glass and cladding materials into curtain walling (Figs. 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5)

(9) attachment of brick slips to concrete

(10) joints between precast concrete units (e. g. Coventry Cathedral, Sydney Opera House roof)

(11) fabrication of special shapes of concrete or clay brick units, such as roof tiles and building blocks

(12) attachment of thin or coated sheet metals and plastics

(13) structural aluminium connections and the compounding of individual extrusions by bonding to create deep structural sections.

(14) strengthening of concrete-framed buildings with external steel plate reinforcement.

The concepts and considerations involved with some of these and other applications were addressed during the period 1988-91 by a European consortium, coordinated by Oxford Polytechnic, within a project entitled Adhesive Bonding Technology for Building Construction.

Weight savings and structural efficiency will dictate the further uses of adhesives in demanding situations, but it is acknowledged that the specification and application of materials under site conditions is a major constraint. The increasing prefabrication of building elements and modules lends itself to the use of factory — applied adhesive with a greater degree of control. Making attach­ments between dissimilar materials, whether ‘on-site’ or ‘in-factory’, generally calls for the use of adhesive, often in conjunction with some form of mechanical interlocking. A very interesting case in point concerned the design of the IBM Travelling Technology Exhibition demountable pavilions by Ove Arup and Partners around 1984 (Figs. 1.6 and 1.7). The structures incorporated a mixture of aluminium, carbon-fibre, glulam, polycarbonate and stainless steel, with bonded connections being made between aluminium/glulam finger joints and between stainless steel plates attached to the polycarbonate skin.

System for 4-sided structural glazing

Detail of commercial system (Allan H. Williams Ltd) Fig. 1.3. Four-sided structural silicone glazing.