18 июля, 2015 
Malyar The major spectroscopic techniques for use in adhesive bonding technology that are based on vibrational principles are several forms of infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the more recent technique HREELS, the vibrational version of EELS used in electron microscopes. These techniques will be discussed in this chapter and some recent developments and applications of the techniques in adhesion studies will be given. Raman and IR
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Figure 10 Element maps of carbon (C1s line, top) and zinc (ZnLLM line, bottom) recorded by imaging XPS at a corroded area on a galvanized steel surface. The area shown is 5×5 mm2. (From Ref. 32.) |
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Figure 11 (a) Positive and negative time-of-flight SIMS spectra of a 100×100 pm2 area of the metal side of the interface between an epoxy cataphoretic paint system and phosphated cold-rolled steel. The paint was slightly overcured; (b) as in (a) but positive spectrum of paint side; (c) as in (a) but paint was undercured; metal side; (d) as in (c) but positive spectrum of paint side. (From Ref. 24.) |
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Figure 11 (Continued) |
spectroscopies are optical techniques and therefore they generally do not require a UHV requirement, which is a great advantage. Molecules adsorbed at surfaces or at interfaces can be observed in situ, without the need to destroy the sample. HREELS can also be used to study interfaces in situ, but does require an UHV environment, because excitation is performed by means of a low-energy electron source.
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