Transportation and Storage

The majority of the carbon black produced is shipped as bulk material (up to 80%); the rest is handled in bags. Generally, the large stocks of pelletized furnace blacks for

the rubber industry are stored, by the producers as well as the customer, in plastic — coated steel storage tanks consisting of one or more cells with a capacity of 100-10001 (300-3000 m3). Carbon black is shipped in containers or tank trucks with a capacity of up to 20 t. In recent times big bags and steel bins with a capacity of up to 1 t have received increasing interest. Smaller amounts of rubber blacks and especially pigment blacks are stored and shipped in paper or plastic bags stacked on palettes.

4.7

Uses

Table 4.4 gives an overview of the most important carbon black applications.

Tab. 4.4: Major carbon black applications.

Area

Application

Rubber

Reinforcing filler in tires and mechanical rubber components

Printing inks

Pigmentation, rheology

Coatings

Full black and tinting application

Plastics

Black and gray pigmentation, tinting, UV protection, conductiv­ity, conductor coatings

Fibres

Pigmentation

Paper

Black and gray pigmentation, conductivity, decorative and photo­protective papers

Construction

Cement and concrete pigmentation, conductivity

Power

Carbon brushes, electrodes, battery cells

Metal reduction, compounds

Metal smelting, friction compound

Metal carbide

Reduction compound, carbon source

Fire protection

Reduction ofmineral porosity

Insulation

Graphite furnace, polystyrene and PU foam

4.7.1

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