Historical and Economic Aspects

Bismuth vanadate occurs naturally as the brown mineral pucherite (orthorhombic), as clinobisvanite (monoclinic) and as dreyerite (tetragonal). However, these deposits are of no practical importance to the pigment industry. Its synthesis was first reported in 1924 in a patent for pharmaceutical uses [3.104]. The development of pigments based on BiVO4 began in the mid-1970s. In 1976, DuPont described the preparation and properties of “brilliant primrose yellow” monoclinic bismuthvanadate [3.105]. Montedison developed numerous pigment combinations based on BiVO4 [3.106]. Pigments containing other phases besides BiVO4, e. g. Bi2XO6 (X = Mo or W), have been reported by BASF [3.107] and became the first commercial product (trade name Sicopal® Yellow L 1110). Since then Bayer [3.108], Ciba-Geigy [3.109], BASF [3.110] and others [3.111] have published different methods for the manufacture of pigments based on BiVO4. The following suppliers offer BiVO4 pigments for the paint and plastic market: BASF AG, Ciba SC, Gebroeders Cappelle N. V. and Bruchsaler Far — benfabrik GmbH.

For 1999 the world consumption was estimated to about 500-750 t with a strong increase forecast.

BASF and Cappelle also offer reddish bismuth vanadate pigments within their product range [3.112, 3.113].

3.3.2

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