Titanium dioxide is amphoteric with very weak acidic and basic character. Accordingly, alkali metal titanates and free titanic acids are unstable in water, forming amorphous titanium oxide hydroxides on hydrolysis.
Titanium dioxide is chemically very stable, and is not attacked by most organic and inorganic reagents. It dissolves in concentrated sulfuric acid and in hydrofluoric acid, and is attacked and dissolved by molten alkaline and acidic materials.
At high temperature, TiO2 reacts with reducing agents such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and ammonia to form titanium oxides of lower valency; metallic titanium is not formed. Titanium dioxide reacts with chlorine in the presence of carbon above 500 °C to form titanium tetrachloride.
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