Лако-красочные материалы — производство

For millennia, bonding has been a predominant and successful joining technique in building and construction purposes. Examples include mortars and grouts, which were used in Mesopotamia for the bonding of bricks and tiles (see Chapter 2). Examples of so-called ‘nonhydraulic’ binders include gypsum, Sorel’s cement, anhydrite and magnesia. Lime (and especially cement) are known as ‘hydraulic binders’, as they are capable of curing under water. Terms such as ‘Roman cement’, which relate to highly hydraulic limes rich in silicate, suggest that these materials were used in ancient Rome. Technologies to increase the strength of binders have included the addition of mineral agents such as volcanic ash originating from Pozzuoli, close to Mount Vesuvius. After the addition of further lime, this creates a hydraulic mortar (cement) during the burning process. Both, in Ancient Rome and during construction of the Palastaula (known as the Constantine basilica) in Treves (Trier, Germany), organic materials such as milk, casein, ox blood or urine were added to the mortars in order to improve their toughness, adhesive properties and freeze-thaw resistance (see Section 8.17.4.3).

8.3.1