Лако-красочные материалы — производство

In Europe, in 2006, the large-scale recycling of paper, board and paperboard contain­ers accounted for more than 58 millions tons of recycled paper products (Figure 8.44) [43]. Although adhesives enter the recycling process along with paper products, they must not disturb the process. The impact of adhesives on recycling operations Figure 8.44 Paper recycling in […]

Even with the best product design and most careful treatment, it is unavoidable that one day a product will no longer fulfill its purpose and must be replaced by a new version. Within the concept ofa closed-loop economy, preference is given to material recycling in order to reuse materials and save resources. Unmixed recycling offers […]

The longer a product performs its task, the lower the demands for raw material for the manufacture of a replacement. Hence, the decision must be made as to whether it is worth increasing the lifespan ofthe product, or to reuse it. Returnable systems meet these demands and, as far as the packaging sector is concerned, […]

Clearly, natural resources will not last forever, and paying attention to saving resources is a must. The reuse of costly products and consistent recycling on the highest technical level are effective methods to avert the imminent danger of a shortage of raw material. This is especially important in the case of products that have a […]

Envelopes are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, and in many types and sizes. Not surprisingly, in the manufacture of envelopes production speeds have been ever-increasing, with today’s state of the art reaching 1500 units per minute (Figure 8.43). Although plastic films are used, paper is still the most important raw material for the […]

Fold gluing is an additional processing step that can be performed at the same time as the folding process itself. A glue line is applied to the fold line via nozzles on the sheet in the sheet folder or on the paper web in the rotary offset printing press in such a way that, after […]

In soft-back production, books are directly cased-in in the unsewn binding machine, whereas in hard-back production a special machine performs this task. First, the book blocks are compiled via unsewn binding or thread sewing. The endsheets are then bonded to the book block, mainly by means of polyvinyl acetate-based dispersion adhesives. The outer surfaces of […]

Whereas, protein-based adhesives have only minor importance in unsewn book­binding, they still play an important role in the making of bookcases [42]. Animal glues (see Section 5.9) have proven to be particularly well suited here; these are derived from skin or animal bone collagen and rank among the most ancient adhesives used by mankind. Their […]

A wide variety of adhesives are used in the manufacture of books. Book blocks are provided with endpapers and super cloth (guard or mull strips) bonded to the back of the book block with a 10- to 20-mm flap on both sides, extending over and covering the endpapers. These help to stiffen the joints of […]

Backgluing is used to stabilize the book blocks, and when backgluing thread-sewn book blocks similar adhesive systems are used as for unsewn binding. Softcover books are directly glued into the cover by means of the backgluing adhesive. In the manufacture ofbook blocks, the backs are then provided with guard or mull strips.